
Article
The Great Migration’s Impact on the Educational Achievement of Black Children
16 May ’22
Research in Focus — Bryan Stuart of the Philadelphia Fed and his coauthors examine the impact of migration on Black children’s educational outcomes using county-specific place effects.
Featured Work
Article
Can a Car-Loving Culture Embrace Mass Transit? Investigating the Societal Welfare Created by a New Commuter Rail Network
Research in Focus — By modelling the observable and unobservable repercussions of a new commuter rail system, the author identifies the effects of introducing a mass transit network to a densely populated, car-oriented metropolitan area.
Working Paper
The Evolution of Local Labor Markets After Recessions
WP 22-16 – Local areas that have more severe employment losses during recessions experience highly persistent declines in employment, population, employment-to-population ratios, and earnings per capita.
Working Paper
The Problem Has Existed Over Endless Years: Racialized Difference in Commuting, 1980–2019
WP 22-13 – Average commute times have historically varied by race in the U.S. We document trends in commuting differences by race over the past 40 years and explore factors that drive these differences.
Featured Data

Manufacturing Business Outlook Survey
Monthly survey of manufacturers in the Third District
Updated: 19 May ’22

State Leading Indexes
Six-month forecast of the coincident index for each of the 50 states
Updated: April 29, 2020

COVID-19 Business Outlook Survey
Special survey (now monthly, previously weekly) of firms in the Third District
Updated: 23 Dec ’20

State Coincident Indexes
Monthly index of general economic conditions for each of the 50 states
Updated: 25 May ’22

Nonmanufacturing Business Outlook Survey
Monthly survey of nonmanufacturing businesses in the Third District
Updated: 24 May ’22

Third District Beige Book
Qualitative assessment of economic conditions in the Third District released prior to each FOMC meeting
Updated: 20 Apr ’22