Working Paper
Lockdowns and Innovation: Evidence from the 1918 Flu Pandemic
WP 20-46/R – Does social distancing harm innovation? Nonpharmaceutical interventions adopted during the 1918 flu pandemic did not cause local declines in patenting. Instead, NPIs may have preserved other inventive factors.
Featured Work
Article
Big-City Housing Costs and the Increasing Attractiveness of High-Amenity Small Towns
Research in Focus — Jeff Brinkman of the Philadelphia Fed and his coauthors examine house prices and population dynamics by U.S. county in response to increasing preferences for location amenities.
Article
How Restrictions on Teenage Driving Affect Dropout Rates
Research in Focus — For teenagers, few choices weigh as heavily as whether to finish high school. Does being able to drive affect their decision? This study explores several possible outcomes.
Working Paper
The Push of Big City Prices and the Pull of Small Town Amenities
WP 22-41 – As house prices rise in large, housing-constrained cities, what are the implications for places that have room to grow? We explore how amenities have differentially driven population and price dynamics in big cities and small towns.
Featured Data

Manufacturing Business Outlook Survey
Monthly survey of manufacturers in the Third District
Updated: 18 May ’23

State Leading Indexes
Six-month forecast of the coincident index for each of the 50 states
Updated: April 29, 2020

COVID-19 Business Outlook Survey
Special survey (now monthly, previously weekly) of firms in the Third District
Updated: 23 Dec ’20

State Coincident Indexes
Monthly index of general economic conditions for each of the 50 states
Updated: 24 May ’23

Nonmanufacturing Business Outlook Survey
Monthly survey of nonmanufacturing businesses in the Third District
Updated: 23 May ’23

Third District Beige Book
Qualitative assessment of economic conditions in the Third District released prior to each FOMC meeting
Updated: 19 Apr ’23