The Economy

We produce and compile research and data on the overall economy, banking and financial markets. Our goal is to help financial institutions operate in a safe manner and support a robust U.S. financial system.

Does Skin in the Game Align Incentives? The Case of CRE CLOs

WP 25-43 – This paper examines whether high levels of risk retention effectively align incentives in securitizations, using evidence from the $100 billion-plus billion commercial real estate collateralized loan obligation (CRE CLO) market.

Aruoba-Diebold-Scotti Business Conditions Index

An index designed to track real business conditions at high observation frequency

The Fed Put and Bank Risk-Taking: Evidence from the Loan Book

WP 25-42 – This paper shows that monetary policy influences bank credit policy through the risk-taking channel.

Close-up of portraits from various bank notes

Monetary Policy Report: Using Rules for Benchmarking, December 2025

This special report highlights ongoing work to benchmark the stance of monetary policy using a range of policy rules that are widely employed in studies of monetary economics.

Event

Jan

2

2026

Day-Ahead Conference on Financial Markets and Institutions

Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia

Monetary Policy

Article

What Drives Global Reserve Currency Dominance?

Research in Focus — Two Philadelphia Fed economists and their coauthor have developed a model that helps them identify the factors that can make a currency dominate international trade and finance.

The Economy

Article

Harvesting Historical Data with LLMs

Economic Insights — Researchers at the Philadelphia Fed are using large language models to do what was once too expensive and time-consuming to do at scale: collect and analyze data from historical records.