
Working Paper
The Changing Polarization of Party Ideologies: The Role of Sorting
WP 23-07 – History shows that when political parties become more polarized along one dimension of policy, they become less polarized along some other dimension. We explain how this can happen via changes in the ideological makeup of parties.
Featured Work
Article
Q&A: Leonard Nakamura on GDP and Measuring What Matters
Gross domestic product has long been a standard for measuring economic growth and progress, but is it a yardstick for well-being, and can it keep up with changes in our economy? Leonard Nakamura answers our questions.
Article
Are Traditional Measures of Economic Growth Incomplete?
Research in Focus — Amid a growing and vibrant debate about how to measure economic growth, the authors introduce an accounting framework that captures output in terms of dollars as well as societal well-being.
Article
Labor, Race, and COVID-19
Economic Insights — There have long been racial differences in how workers experience the labor market, but some interesting things happened to those differences during the pandemic.
Featured Data

Livingston Survey
The oldest continuous survey of economists' expectations that summarizes the forecasts of economists from industry, government, banking, and academia
Updated: 16 Dec ’22

Survey of Professional Forecasters
The oldest quarterly survey of macroeconomic forecasts in the United States
Updated: 12 May ’23

Aruoba-Diebold-Scotti Business Conditions Index
An index designed to track real business conditions at high observation frequency
Updated: 26 May ’23

Real-Time Data Set for Macroeconomists
The real-time data set consists of vintages, or snapshots, of time series of major macroeconomic variables. The data set may be used by macroeconomic researchers to verify empirical results, to analyze policy, or to forecast. All data are updated at the end of each month.
Updated: 26 May ’23

GDPplus
Measure of the quarter-over-quarter rate of growth of real output in continuously compounded annualized percentage points
Updated: 25 May ’23

Aruoba Term Structure of Inflation Expectations
A continuous curve of inflation expectations three to 120 months ahead, analogous to a yield curve
Updated: 28 Apr ’23