Image of a hand holding a phone displaying a digital wallet next to an ATM.

Who Remains Unbanked in the United States and Why?

WP 25-02 – This paper conducts a detailed exploration of the factors associated with unbanked status among U.S. households and how these relationships evolved between 2015 and 2019.

Featured Work

Inventory, Market Making, and Liquidity in OTC Markets

WP 24-22 – Post-2008 regulations were intended to make banks safer but also made it more expensive to intermediate markets. This paper studies the effects of regulations on banks’ balance sheet costs, and the implications for market liquidity.

Banking on Deforestation: The Cost of Nonenforcement

WP 24-21 – Despite surging environmental laws, how their enforcement influences banks’ management of climate risks remains underexplored.

Banking Trends: Why Banks Finance Their Nonbank Competitors

Economic Insights — It may look like the explosive growth of nonbank financial institutions has come at the expense of banks, but the relationship between the two is in fact symbiotic.

Featured Data

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Institutions in the Third District

This interactive tool summarizes information about banks and holding companies within the Third District (comprising eastern and central Pennsylvania, southern New Jersey, and Delaware) and provides each institution’s location and asset size as of the most recent quarter.

Updated: 18 Nov ’24

Map of the Third Federal Reserve District

Third District Banking Conditions

Third District Banking Conditions is a semiannual report comparing the trends of Third District community banks with their national peers.

Updated: 12 Sep ’24

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Large Bank Credit Card and Mortgage Data

The Large Bank Consumer Credit Data are based on Y-14M credit card and mortgage data provided by the largest financial institutions in the United States.

Updated: 09 Oct ’24