We employ a novel approach to establish a clear debt payment hierarchy: Housing payments (mortgage or rent) are prioritized most, followed by auto loans, credit cards, and student loans. This hierarchy is robust across five quarters of the survey and a variety of demographic segments that differ in financial circumstances and levels of financial literacy. The prioritization we observe in our survey data generally aligns with the rank ordering of transition rates into serious delinquency across loan types observed in credit bureau data. At the same time, we find that some more financially vulnerable populations (such as renters, lower-income individuals, and those with less education) deprioritize nonhousing debt payments more severely than their counterparts in order to prioritize their housing payments. These findings highlight the central role of housing in household financial stability and suggest that housing-related financial shocks may have downstream effects on payments of nonhousing debts, particularly for financially vulnerable populations.
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Discussion Paper
Which Debt Payments Do Borrowers Prioritize? Evidence from 2025–2026 Consumer Survey Data
July 2026
DP 26-01 – This paper uses survey data to examine how consumers prioritize their monthly debt payments for housing (including rent), auto, credit card, and student loan debt when they are unable to pay all their monthly bills.