Economists have four explanations for why mothers focus on child care while fathers focus on paid labor. First, women may earn less than men on average, so that couples simply allocate their time in a way that maximizes total income. Second, childbirth could affect a mother’s health and, thus, her ability to work. Third, women may face discrimination in the labor market, and this discrimination may encourage them to focus on child care. And fourth, individual preferences or social norms could influence a mother’s decision to spend more time on child care. We explore each explanation and conclude with some thoughts on policy solutions.
This article appeared in the Third Quarter 2024 issue of Economic Insights. Download and read the full issue.
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